Fibrinolytic therapy in left side-prosthetic valve acute thrombosis. In depth systematic review / Terapia fibrinolítica en el corazón izquierdo

BACKGROUND: Limited data are available on the impact and safety of fibrinolytic therapy (FT) in left - side prosthetic valve acute thrombosis (PVAT). Study objective: To improve our knowledge about the FT role in left -side PVAT. DESIGN: Bibliographic search and analysis. METHODS: MEDLINE search from January 1970 to January 2007. Studies were classified according to the evidence level recommendations of the American College of Chest Physicians and included if they had objective diagnosis of left-side PAVT and FT efficacy assessment (hemodynamic, echocardiographic or fluoroscopic improvement). New York Heart Association class was used to establish functional state. Data on clinical characteristics, diagnosis strategy, anticoagulation status, fibrinolytic and heparin regimens, cardiovascular adverse events, outcome, and follow-up were also required. RESULTS: A systematic search produced a total of 900 references. Each abstract was analyzed according to the predetermined criteria. Thirty-two references with 904 patients constitute the subject of this analysis. Only one trial had evidence III and thirty-one evidence V. FT was more used in young female patients (64%) with prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis (77%), and clinical instability (82%). Transesophageal echocardiogram had a higher thrombus detection rate (100%). Although several fibrinolytic regimens were used in a first or second course, streptokinase was the most frequent agent (61%). Clinical improvement was observed in 86% of the patients, objective success in 78%, and failure in 14%. Rescue fibrinolysis was done in 17%. Complications: peripheral and cerebral embolism rate was 5% and 4%, respectively. Major bleeding 4% and intracranial hemorrhage 1%. CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence demonstrates that in PVAT fibrinolytic therapy improves the outcome in younger, more ill patients, especially females, independently of the fibrinolytic regimen used with a low complications rate.

Perfil de riesgo y supervivencia en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca por disfunción sistólica: Estudio prospectivo con seguimiento a cuatro años / Prognosis of systolic left ventricular dysfunction

Antecedentes: Conocemos el pronóstico de la insuficiencia cardíaca por disfunción sistólica a través de estudios multicéntricos realizados en centros de tercer nivel que generalmente incluyen pacientes con estrictos criterios de inclusión. Objetivo: Establecer un perfil de riesgo para eventos cardiovasculares adversos y conocer la supervivencia en enfermos de un hospital comunitario con insuficiencia cardíaca por disfunción sistólica. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo con seguimiento a 4 años. Inclusión: a) manifestaciones clínicas de insuficiencia cardíaca por disfunción sistólica, b) cualquier clase funcional de la New York Heart Association (NYHA), c) disfunción sistólica de cualquier etiología, d) FE del ventrículo izquierdo < 40%. Exclusión: a) paciente asintomático, b) síndrome coronario agudo en las últimas 6 semanas, c) disfunción ventricular secundaria hipertensión arterial pulmonar, d) enfermedad sistémica grave o neoplasia que límite la vida < 6 meses. Estadística: t de Student, chi cuadrada, Yates y Mantel-Haenszel. Análisis de regresión logística univariado y multivariado. Curvas de supervivencia de Cox y Kaplan-Meier. Significancia estadística: p < de 0.05. Resultados: de enero de 1997 a enero del 2001, 110 pacientes fueron incluidos, 61% del sexo masculino y 39% femeninos, con edad de 61 ± 13.1 años. Se consideró etiología isquémica en 46% y no isquémica en 54%, al ingreso la clase funcional fue III/IV en el 68% y I/II en el 32% con una FE de 28 ± 6.9%. La media de seguimiento fue de 30.11 ± 18.71 meses y se observó una mortalidad global del 26%. A través de los modelos de regresión lineal, logística y multivariado se identificó como perfil de alto riesgo para eventos adversos cardiovasculares: edad > 65 años, sexo femenino, hipertensión arterial sistémica, diabetes mellitus, cardiopatía isquémica, clase III-IV de la NYHA y taquicardia ventricular. (p = 0.00001). Conclusión: En el "mundo real" de la insuficiencia cardíaca por disfunción sistólica, el perfil de riesgo identificado por una mayor morbilidad y mortalidad, permite estratificar un subgrupo de pacientes con prioridad alta para integrarse a un programa de trasplante cardíaco.

Background: Our current knowledge on the prognosis of systolic left ventricular dysfunction has been obtained through multicentric trials performed at third level health care institutions, which usually include patients based on strict inclusion criteria. Objective: To establish in systolic left ventricular dysfunction patients, evaluated at a community hospital, a risk profile for adverse cardiovascular events and to know their survival. Methods: Prospective study with 4 years follow-up. Inclusion criteria: a) Symptomatic patients with systolic left ventricular dysfunction, b) any NYHA functional class or etiology, c) ejection fraction < 40%. Exclusion criteria: a) Asymptomatic patients, b) acute coronary syndrome in the last 6 weeks, c) ventricular dysfunction secondary to pulmonary arterial hypertension, d) severe systemic illness or neoplasms causing disability < 6 months. Statistics: Student's t test, Chi-square, Yates and Mantel-Haenszel. Unvariant and multivariant logistic regression analysis. Cox and Kaplan-Meier method. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: From January 1997 to January 2001, 110 patients were studied, 61% men and 39% women, their age were 61 ± 13.1 years. Ischemic etiology in 46% and 54%, 68% in III/IV NYHA class and 32% in I/II NYHA class. Basal left ventricular ejection fraction was 28 ± 6.9%. Patients were followed for 30.11 ± 18.7 months, with 26% of global mortality. Through lineal, logistic and multivariate regression analysis, the high clinical risk profile was identified, corresponding > 65 years, female gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus II, ischemic heart disease, III/IV NYHA class and ventricular tachycardia (p = 0.00001). Conclusion: In the "real world" of systolic left ventricular dysfunction, the identified risk profile allows stratify high priority subgroup of patients to be enrolled in a cardiac transplant program. (Arch Cardiol Mex 2003; 73:197-204).